Nonfiction

Index, A History of the

Index, A History of the

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  • Create Date：2022-11-01 08:51:39
  • Update Date：2025-09-06
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  • Author：Dennis Duncan
  • ISBN：0141989661
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Summary

Most of us give little thought to the back of the book - it's just where you go to look things up。 But here， hiding in plain sight， is an unlikely realm of ambition and obsession， sparring and politicking， pleasure and play。 Here we might find Butchers， to be avoided， or Cows that sh-te Fire， or even catch Calvin in his chamber with a Nonne。 This is the secret world of the index: an unsung but extraordinary everyday tool， with an illustrious but little-known past。 Here， for the first time， its story is told。

Charting its curious path from the monasteries and universities of thirteenth-century Europe to Silicon Valley in the twenty-first， Dennis Duncan reveals how the index has saved heretics from the stake， kept politicians from high office and made us all into the readers we are today。 We follow it through German print shops and Enlightenment coffee houses， novelists' living rooms and university laboratories， encountering emperors and popes， philosophers and prime ministers， poets， librarians and - of course - indexers along the way。 Revealing its vast role in our evolving literary and intellectual culture， Duncan shows that， for all our anxieties about the Age of Search， we are all index-rakers at heart， and we have been for eight hundred years。

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Reviews

James Hallmark ，

That’s a clever title if you think about it。 The title is written as one would write an index in a book， and that’s what the book is: the history of the index。 I have no idea why I thought this would be interesting， but I bought it on a whim and well， it isn’t all that interesting。 Bless his heart， it is well done。 Well researched， well written， light-hearted。 Duncan does all he can to make it interesting， but I’m just not that interested in medieval documentation， and as it turns out much of th That’s a clever title if you think about it。 The title is written as one would write an index in a book， and that’s what the book is: the history of the index。 I have no idea why I thought this would be interesting， but I bought it on a whim and well， it isn’t all that interesting。 Bless his heart， it is well done。 Well researched， well written， light-hearted。 Duncan does all he can to make it interesting， but I’m just not that interested in medieval documentation， and as it turns out much of this is from medieval times。 So， when was the first page number used？ When was the first index published？ Why were people opposed to indexes in books？ Is a biography just a novel with an index？ I hadn’t thought about it， but the world wide web is simply an index， and he has a chapter on the development of that index system， as well as how the hashtag came about—which again， is just an index。 So， I guess there was quite a bit of interesting stuff in it， but way too much ancient trivia for my tastes。 。。。more

Andy ，

I was excited to read something nerdy like this。 It certainly makes me curious about information/library science。 Dennis Duncan is also a nerd in this realm， and it shows。 I felt the book was a bit too detailed for me to enjoy it at a 5-star level。 He goes into painstaking detail about seemingly every book he studied in his research， over-quoting， over-excerpting。 For an "index scholar"， this is a great dissertation。 But for someone like me， the excessive detail bogged me down。 It was as if Dunc I was excited to read something nerdy like this。 It certainly makes me curious about information/library science。 Dennis Duncan is also a nerd in this realm， and it shows。 I felt the book was a bit too detailed for me to enjoy it at a 5-star level。 He goes into painstaking detail about seemingly every book he studied in his research， over-quoting， over-excerpting。 For an "index scholar"， this is a great dissertation。 But for someone like me， the excessive detail bogged me down。 It was as if Duncan got excited and leads the reader down a tangent of his own excitement about the quirks of a particular book or index， finally getting back to the chapter subject。 So， well done book， but not five stars for me。 。。。more

Laura ，

Absolutely wonderful。 Well-written， fascinating， and entertaining。 I've never laughed out loud while reading an index before！ I love these kinds of non-fiction books that focus on a small， niche topic but place it in the larger picture of， in this case， the history of writing， education， publishing， academic discovery， and， like， human development。 I highly recommend this book。 Absolutely wonderful。 Well-written， fascinating， and entertaining。 I've never laughed out loud while reading an index before！ I love these kinds of non-fiction books that focus on a small， niche topic but place it in the larger picture of， in this case， the history of writing， education， publishing， academic discovery， and， like， human development。 I highly recommend this book。 。。。more

Karen Davis ，

Erudite， engaging， educational， enjoyable！

Becky Loader ，

OK。 *snort*Who ever said that an index can't be funny？ *snort**snort* How can I be laughing so hard over this book？*snicker* Maybe only librarians will understand。*snicker* OK。 *snort*Who ever said that an index can't be funny？ *snort**snort* How can I be laughing so hard over this book？*snicker* Maybe only librarians will understand。*snicker* 。。。more

Hope Bruce ，

Overall a well written and researched book。 I wish the author either included more non-western literature or acknowledged his focus on western and more narrowly English sources。 This focus makes sense with his background， but by not formally acknowledging his focus he may lead some readers to think that only western sources are of value and potentially shows his own bias。

Ross ，

Erudite， entertaining， instructive。 High point for me was the discussion of the hashtag for Susan Boyle’s album release party。 Still laughing out loud。

Dan Nolting ，

This should be required reading for information professionals。 It crosses the bow in a coherent and entertaining way from the ancient pre-library rock-and-scroll days to the present automation of keywords and tags。 It makes a strong case for how the manipulation of bread-crumbs contributes to the current （or any） age of misinformation。 It is an easy read and is composed beautifully， careful not too overspill any faction of expertise。

Claudia Majetich ，

I was really looking forward to this book， and I because I love indexes even though I am often disappointed by their entries。 There was lots of interesting information in this book – at times too much information especially in the chapter about 17th century indexing disputes。 Others might find the detail interesting， I didn’t。I especially enjoyed the opening chapters are about early indexing efforts。There is an index at the end of this book， and a computer-generated index that covers part of the I was really looking forward to this book， and I because I love indexes even though I am often disappointed by their entries。 There was lots of interesting information in this book – at times too much information especially in the chapter about 17th century indexing disputes。 Others might find the detail interesting， I didn’t。I especially enjoyed the opening chapters are about early indexing efforts。There is an index at the end of this book， and a computer-generated index that covers part of the A， which easily shows why indexing needs to be done by a thoughtful human。 。。。more

Julian ，

I would have loved this book even if was kinda dry and clinical。 However， I truly enjoyed the writing style， the attention to paratexts in postmodern novels and experiments， and the way this topic intersected with the history of page numbers and the （sadly， inferior） dependence on "keyword" type of info-searching in the internet era。 I have more books to add to my reading list and I'm inspired to add an index to my novel。 I would have loved this book even if was kinda dry and clinical。 However， I truly enjoyed the writing style， the attention to paratexts in postmodern novels and experiments， and the way this topic intersected with the history of page numbers and the （sadly， inferior） dependence on "keyword" type of info-searching in the internet era。 I have more books to add to my reading list and I'm inspired to add an index to my novel。 。。。more

Marisa Pedro ，

Interesting enough。 Although a book about indexes， the takeaway I may remember the most is that page numbering was not always a given in a book。 Generally speaking， they only began appearing in the 15th century。 Sorry， I guess I should have said spoiler alert before dropping that tidbit。

Jenny ，

Interesting history of the emergence of the index as a concept—a form of organizing increasingly complex data sets for future use and reference that impacted and was impacted by the physical changes within book history。It was a useful exercise to think through the ways digital texts and tagging destabilize our relationship with what we might commonly accept as a form of content communication。

Stephan Benzkofer ，

When I told my wife and daughter I was listening to a book about the index， they were dumbstruck。 Confusion and fear flitted across their faces as they wondered if I had lost my wits。 Was I joking？ Finally， my daughter said， "why？"Then they laughed and laughed and laughed。Over the last five years， I was asked to proofread one index and do a more substantive edit of another。 I was in over my head in both cases， and I'm not sure how much I improved either。 The experiences left me with a healthy re When I told my wife and daughter I was listening to a book about the index， they were dumbstruck。 Confusion and fear flitted across their faces as they wondered if I had lost my wits。 Was I joking？ Finally， my daughter said， "why？"Then they laughed and laughed and laughed。Over the last five years， I was asked to proofread one index and do a more substantive edit of another。 I was in over my head in both cases， and I'm not sure how much I improved either。 The experiences left me with a healthy respect and curiosity for the art and science of indexing。Then along came Index， A History of the。It was chock full of amusing and informative anecdotes， not just about the birth and development of the index， but also about books， bookmaking， and printing。 One favorite: Late 18th century Whigs and Tories weaponized the index， lampooning their political opponents' works by adding funny indexes after the fact。This is a relatively quick listen， and I expect an even quicker read。 I can't recommend the audiobook， mainly because of the numerous instances when the narrator has to read examples of indexes， including endless page numbers。 With a physical book， the reader can take in this information at a glance and move on。 The audiobook listener is forced to attest to every page number。 The British narrator， Neil Gardner， is a pro and handles this easily， but much more jarring were the instances when he felt compelled to attempt an American accent， which made everybody sound like a slightly intoxicated Texan in a B-movie。 。。。more

Susan ，

Impressive research。

Lynn ，

The IndexA history of the index and the way it developed and is still developing。 The latest has to do with counting or referring to places in electronic books。 I read this on Kindle and it uses page numbers。 Not all do。

Kamren ，

I really wanted to like this book but it's inaccessible for people who don't have a foundational understanding of classical studies or religion。 It's chock full of information， but lacked the artistry and fun of other microhistories I've read， which can take seemingly mundane topics into gripping prose。 I really wanted to like this book but it's inaccessible for people who don't have a foundational understanding of classical studies or religion。 It's chock full of information， but lacked the artistry and fun of other microhistories I've read， which can take seemingly mundane topics into gripping prose。 。。。more

Michael Smith ，

I was a big-city librarian for thirty-five years， but I also did a side gig as a freelance book editor and indexer for twenty of those years， and continued that over into retirement。 （Many professional indexers are or have been librarians because the two endeavors seem to have heavily overlapping mentalities and skill sets。） And while many younger authors assume Microsoft Word can produce a perfectly good index of their manuscript， this is absolutely not the case。 Word can compile a concordance I was a big-city librarian for thirty-five years， but I also did a side gig as a freelance book editor and indexer for twenty of those years， and continued that over into retirement。 （Many professional indexers are or have been librarians because the two endeavors seem to have heavily overlapping mentalities and skill sets。） And while many younger authors assume Microsoft Word can produce a perfectly good index of their manuscript， this is absolutely not the case。 Word can compile a concordance （which is text-oriented） but an index （which is reader-oriented） is written， not compiled -- a point Duncan makes more than once。 Also， the indexes I’ve seen that were churned out by authors of their own work have been almost uniformly terrible。 Believe it or not， writing a decent index requires training and experience， as well as a knack。 “The indexer is a professional whose job is to mediate between author and audience。” And while a subject index is taken for granted now， it’s a relatively recent invention -- and so successful was it， it has become almost invisible。 （The very first web page， in fact， was an index。） Early written works produced on scrolls didn’t have page numbers （the Bible uses only chapter and verse numbers）， so the invention of the index had to wait for the invention of the codex first， and even the notion alphabetical order isn’t really intuitive。 Samuel Johnson wrote an essay explaining the whole idea of ordering words by their initial letter， and why it was so useful -- the first step in what is now called “information science。” But think about it: The alphabet is a great level because nothing preferential is implied by its ordering。The author is skilled at outlining the history of the complex network of ideas and practical considerations that led to the gradual development of the subject index。 For instance， he tells us why the Church’s Inquisition was highly suspicious of the whole idea， and highlights those books whose indexes were most innovative and how they affected those who made use of them。 The mendicant orders of friars， it turns out， were the quickest to adopt the idea because it aided their preaching among the wider population。 （I never knew that。） Duncan also hews closely to his subject most of the time， something not all popular historians seem to manage。 Generally speaking， this book probably is doomed to have a limited audience。 Word geeks will love it， and editors will have a copy on their bedside table。 People who simply enjoy exploring little-known and highly specialized fields of knowledge will appreciate it， too。 My copy is already full of bookmarks。 。。。more

Duncan McKinnon ，

Kind of went flat halfway through。 The history was interesting and the writing was good， but the examples and narrative thread became more and more trivial as the book went on。

Renee ，

A nerdy and humorous book about a subject most of us don't think about。 Duncan not only traces the development of the index and its related lists but shows how indexes have been used to comment on and influence how books are interpreted。 I loved the ending where he used this book's own index to show how a human created index is far superior to a computer generated one。 A nerdy and humorous book about a subject most of us don't think about。 Duncan not only traces the development of the index and its related lists but shows how indexes have been used to comment on and influence how books are interpreted。 I loved the ending where he used this book's own index to show how a human created index is far superior to a computer generated one。 。。。more

Paperclippe ，

kids these days

David Baer ，

File the main ideas under the heading “everything had to be invented。” A short list of surprising examples that this book describes:- Alphabetic order。 Like the system of Arabic numerals， the idea of alphabetic order just seems so obvious and useful that it had to be prevalent from the earliest days when humans put their thoughts into written form， right？ Nope。- Reading silently to one’s self， as opposed to reading the words out loud so your ears could hear the words and take them in。 Like monas File the main ideas under the heading “everything had to be invented。” A short list of surprising examples that this book describes:- Alphabetic order。 Like the system of Arabic numerals， the idea of alphabetic order just seems so obvious and useful that it had to be prevalent from the earliest days when humans put their thoughts into written form， right？ Nope。- Reading silently to one’s self， as opposed to reading the words out loud so your ears could hear the words and take them in。 Like monastic life in the Middle Ages revolved around scripture reading， and such reading was carried out all “blah blah blah” OUT LOUD。 （Sneer not at the audiobook， thou heartless snob）。- Page numbers。 Want to look something up in a Gutenberg Bible？ Or in any given hand-written codex？ Be prepared to browse through the whole thing。 （Oh， and of course， be prepared mostly to browse in Latin）- The subject index， which is one of those things I take entirely for granted， both in the sense of always having existed， and in the sense of being a perfectly mechanical exercise of summation， and not at all subject to political slanting or other editorial caprices。 （Wrong on both counts， as the author meticulously establishes with examples spanning the early Renaissance through present day）。This was no thrill-a-minute reading experience， but very enjoyable nonetheless。 If you enjoy the idea of classical scholarship， if you get a vicarious thrill from the idea of minute examination of centuries-old books in obscure collections， if you can summon up a sense of the numinous from the very fact that people still exist who spend their professional lives immersed in such stuff， then you will probably enjoy this book as well。 。。。more

Catherine Mustread ，

Fascinating and overwhelming， from ancient times to Google search， lots of interest and an overwhelming amount of trivia。

Ellen ，

Might have liked this better if i had read it。 Wouldn't recommend the audiobook- ever have the desire to listen to an index read to you？ The few excerpts used as examples were enough to show me how torturous that would be。 Might have liked this better if i had read it。 Wouldn't recommend the audiobook- ever have the desire to listen to an index read to you？ The few excerpts used as examples were enough to show me how torturous that would be。 。。。more

Dorai ，

The book index， so easy to understand and use， now that some genius from the first half of the second millennium has already invented it， is a marvel of double indirection that exploits the search capability enshrined in the alphabet。 A reader looking for something in a large book， simply uses the desired concept's name （or names， if it allows more than one） as a random access locator into a relatively small table， then uses the page locator listed against it into the main book。 My verbally clum The book index， so easy to understand and use， now that some genius from the first half of the second millennium has already invented it， is a marvel of double indirection that exploits the search capability enshrined in the alphabet。 A reader looking for something in a large book， simply uses the desired concept's name （or names， if it allows more than one） as a random access locator into a relatively small table， then uses the page locator listed against it into the main book。 My verbally clumsy description belies how automatic and transparent the actual process is -- so effortless， indeed， that a schoolchild can and does figure it out in a matter of minutes with little or no instruction。Duncan describes the two main types of indexes that we currently have， the concordance and the subject index， and with that the technical part of the book is done。 There really isn't much more to say about the mechanics of this simple technology， so the book fills out its pages with various humanistic anxieties about the index's possible contribution to our steady mental decay， and elevated gossip about the sly and wicked uses to which the index has been put in Western -- mostly Anglophone -- history。Why would the index contribute to human stupidity？ People may use the index to quickly get at the points in a book without reading it cover to cover。 Wait， what？ I would have thought using an index as a portal to the relevant bits in a non-fiction reference -- especially in an age of information overload -- was perfectly aboveboard， but apparently early scholars thought this was laziness and cheating。 An index was to be used only after the book had been read completely， to go back and re-embed the things that needed re-embedding in one's memory。 Most modern readers would heartily disagree。 The arguments against taking the supposed easy path don't seem to be restricted to indexes， as Duncan trots out older objections to the technology of writing itself as detrimental to the development of a strong memory。 One obviously can't win in this my-hairshirt-is-itchier-than-yours game。The true flavor of the book is in the hilarious old-time gossip where indexes were deployed as tools for character assassination。 The more harmless index is of course the concordance style， which is based purely on word counting， and as such， it can be mechanized and offers no scope for mischief。 （Indeed， I seem to recall a tragic tale of a poor fellow who slaved on the concordance of some grand book， only to have his work obsoleted immediately by a simple computer program; Duncan's book doesn't mention this。） In a pinch， we can make do with the concordance， and this is what we essentially do when we perform a Ctrl-F search inside our ebooks or PDFs， or when the more Unix-y among us grep inside our files and directories。On the other hand， the subject index， the one we are most used to in our paper-based non-fiction books， can only be created by a discerning reader， who has to interpret and have a point of view， and as such it can and was used as a weapon by the index maker against the author。 This is because an author usually is too tired or frankly unskilled to create the index to their own book， and the job is farmed off to a professional。 In earlier centuries， unauthorized indexes were apparently quite the norm， and an index could be used to devastatingly slant the truth without any actual pinpointable falsehood。Modern computer-based word processors or typesetters （like TeX or troff） let one generate one's own indexes by embedding index tags in one's text -- e。g。， LaTeX's \index{} or groff ms's 。IX --， but as anyone who's had to do it knows， this is not only tedious but requires a level of creative and OCD energy that is quite different and distracting from the effort of writing the body text。 （It could be worse: once upon a time， indexes were created with shoeboxes filled with scraps of unruly paper， dismembered with scissors and reattached with glue。） A harried author， already groaning under the weight of responsibilities and deadlines， will be only too happy to offload this job on to someone else， and publishers therefore routinely engage the services of professional indexers （who have their own unions and guilds）。 This is typically seen as another case of letting the author simply concentrate on the writing， which is hard enough， and let a skilled third party take care of the non-writing stuff。 While this is persuasive when it comes to matters of presentation， which should indeed not distract the author， I'm not so sure about the index， which is obviously content creation。In a modern setting， the danger of unauthorized and malicious indexing is zero of course。 Author and indexer are obviously going to be professional and amicable with each other。 The chance of impedance mismatch between the two is minimized， but it is not ever going to be nil -- they are after all two different individuals。 The current book's own index was done by a professional indexer， and while the author obviously admires his indexer， the two are noticeably different。 The indexer here， obviously with the author's permission， is not self-effacing at all， injecting into her portion of the book her own brand of humor （including a meandering self-referential loop of index entries that may not be to everyone's taste）。 In other books， I can't help wonder if the inevitable discrepancy between the worldviews of the author and the indexer may be semantically significant in ways that the two might not even recognize， with the reader having to make do with a less than ideal index simply because the author didn't have the time or the inclination to make their own index。 。。。more

Donna Snyder ，

Interesting how the index became a help for readers。

William Bennett ，

[3。5/5， rounding up to 4/5。]As a lover of words and a trained editor， I know a few things about indexes and indexing （possibly the most challenging college assignment I had was preparing an index for a piece of technical writing）， but this is on an entirely different level of understanding and scholarship。 I feel the book loses some of its interest midway through as the minutiae of the development of the modern index is parsed to extreme detail， with numerous primary source examples。 This is evi [3。5/5， rounding up to 4/5。]As a lover of words and a trained editor， I know a few things about indexes and indexing （possibly the most challenging college assignment I had was preparing an index for a piece of technical writing）， but this is on an entirely different level of understanding and scholarship。 I feel the book loses some of its interest midway through as the minutiae of the development of the modern index is parsed to extreme detail， with numerous primary source examples。 This is evidence of fabulous scholarship but not always for compelling reading。There are numerous allusions， and while I appreciate the level of scholarship evident， at times the prose is completely glutted with references， many of which are opaque to the reader （or at least， to this reader）。 A tighter， more compact suite of examples or foci would have improved this as a reading experience for me。I bumped this up a half-star due to the pair of indexes that the author includes—one computer-generated， one human-indexed—which almost do a better job of illustrating his points than the book does。 And how could they not？ The functionality of the index is the logical follow-up， and it includes several clever nods to the historical examples cited by the author throughout。 I found it delightful to page through， which perhaps indicates that I am the right audience for this in the end。 。。。more

Gwen Harris ，

With my love of books and background in library science， I thought I would tear through this book。 Not so。 However， if this were 30 years ago during my library studies and interest in indexing， this would have been gold。

Joe ，

I was really struck by the insight that animates this book—which is that an index refers us not to a place in a discourse （chapter and verse） but to place in a text， a document or artifact， to a page in a book。 In doing so， it is a crucial part of the formation of the technology of the book， of print。A great insight， but I’m not sure that Duncan then goes anywhere with it。 He really likes obscure English books of the 17th， 18th， and 19th centuries， and we hear a lot about them， but the much more I was really struck by the insight that animates this book—which is that an index refers us not to a place in a discourse （chapter and verse） but to place in a text， a document or artifact， to a page in a book。 In doing so， it is a crucial part of the formation of the technology of the book， of print。A great insight， but I’m not sure that Duncan then goes anywhere with it。 He really likes obscure English books of the 17th， 18th， and 19th centuries， and we hear a lot about them， but the much more compelling and urgent contrast between the print culture of the index and the online culture of search gets comparatively short shrift。 A fun book， but without the payoff I might have hoped for。 。。。more

Nathan ，

Finished reading "Index， A History of the" by Dennis Duncan。 This is a fun story about the index， of course， which in turn is a story about human beings relationship with information， as well as a book about books as physical objects。The pages at the back of a book have a surprising story to tell。 The idea of the index began with systems used by the ancients to store scrolls， and in fact an indexing system was necessary for something like the Great Library of Alexandria to function as an institu Finished reading "Index， A History of the" by Dennis Duncan。 This is a fun story about the index， of course， which in turn is a story about human beings relationship with information， as well as a book about books as physical objects。The pages at the back of a book have a surprising story to tell。 The idea of the index began with systems used by the ancients to store scrolls， and in fact an indexing system was necessary for something like the Great Library of Alexandria to function as an institution。 Scrolls pose their own particular indexing challenges， so when the world went to books， the systems had to be re-invented， with some legacies of the old scroll based system hanging on。Duncan explores the development of the index over time， starting from the middle ages， when monks and scholars were developing systems to enable less well-read preachers to better reference accumulated wisdom in their Sunday sermons。 With the proliferating of printing， the use of indexes spread to historical， scientific and even eventually fictional works。 In 18th century England the index as a political weapon was developed: you would publish an index for a document written by an opponent that pointed out the original document's flaws。 Something along the lines of:- incoherent ramblings: 33， 98-101， 120- misspellings of common words: 12， 69， 71， 88- sea monsters， ducks mistaken for: 55You get the idea。Along the journey， the author points out an number of features of indexes and books， that we take for granted， but do not necessary need to be that way， and have been done differently over the years， such as alphabetization and page numbers。 Of course， an index is essentially a search engine， and the author is very aware of the current revolution in information indexing， began in the 1800s， but now lead by Google。 He explains how the approaches taken in indexing can have a profound impact on the ways information is accessible and understood。 。。。more

Rebecca Heisman ，

Who knew indexes could be so entertaining？ Turns out they can be used as political weapons， as vehicles for humor， and so much more。 Plus， if you've ever felt anxious about how smartphones and Google are supposedly destroying our attention spans and making us stupid， you'll be reassured to learn that people had the same worries about。。。 the invention of writing。 Highly recommend this book for anyone who loves， well， books， and is interested in the （fascinating！） history of how we organize knowle Who knew indexes could be so entertaining？ Turns out they can be used as political weapons， as vehicles for humor， and so much more。 Plus， if you've ever felt anxious about how smartphones and Google are supposedly destroying our attention spans and making us stupid， you'll be reassured to learn that people had the same worries about。。。 the invention of writing。 Highly recommend this book for anyone who loves， well， books， and is interested in the （fascinating！） history of how we organize knowledge。 。。。more

Reference

google book https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=Index, A History of the

hathitrust digital library https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?q1=Index, A History of the&field1=ocr&a=srchls&ft=ft&lmt=ft

The British Library https://bll01.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,Index, A History of the&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=Not_BL_Suppress&vid=44BL_INST:BLL01&lang=en&offset=0