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The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East

The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East

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  • Create Date：2021-09-17 09:56:04
  • Update Date：2025-09-06
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  • Author：Eugene Rogan
  • ISBN：1846144396
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Summary

In 1914 the Ottoman Empire was depleted of men and resources after years of war against Balkan nationalist and Italian forces。 But in the aftermath of the assassination in Sarajevo， the powers of Europe were sliding inexorably toward war， and not even the Middle East could escape the vast and enduring consequences of one of the most destructive conflicts in human history。 The Great War spelled the end of the Ottomans， unleashing powerful forces that would forever change the face of the Middle East。

In The Fall of the Ottomans， award-winning historian Eugene Rogan brings the First World War and its immediate aftermath in the Middle East to vivid life， uncovering the often ignored story of the region's crucial role in the conflict。 Bolstered by German money， arms， and military advisors， the Ottomans took on the Russian， British， and French forces， and tried to provoke Jihad against the Allies in their Muslim colonies。 Unlike the static killing fields of the Western Front， the war in the Middle East was fast-moving and unpredictable， with the Turks inflicting decisive defeats on the Entente in Gallipoli， Mesopotamia， and Gaza before the tide of battle turned in the Allies' favor。 The great cities of Baghdad， Jerusalem， and， finally， Damascus fell to invading armies before the Ottomans agreed to an armistice in 1918。

The postwar settlement led to the partition of Ottoman lands between the victorious powers， and laid the groundwork for the ongoing conflicts that continue to plague the modern Arab world。 A sweeping narrative of battles and political intrigue from Gallipoli to Arabia， The Fall of the Ottomans is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the Great War and the making of the modern Middle East。

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Reviews

Stevejs298 ，

This is an area of the world where I know very little。 So， I learned a great deal。 A little depressing of many of the negative threads of that era seem to persist today。

吕晓晓 Chinese ，

It is said that if you do not read this book， you will not be able to find the only clear gap in the current complicated situation in the Middle East。 But when I was reading for more than half of the time， why was there a feeling of being off-track。 Yes， I feel that in the last few years of the late Qing Dynasty， the old lady known as Empress Cixi， and the politicians and diplomats like the grass-roots team under her， seemed to be somewhat powerful。 Yes， when the huge Ottoman Empire on the other It is said that if you do not read this book， you will not be able to find the only clear gap in the current complicated situation in the Middle East。 But when I was reading for more than half of the time， why was there a feeling of being off-track。 Yes， I feel that in the last few years of the late Qing Dynasty， the old lady known as Empress Cixi， and the politicians and diplomats like the grass-roots team under her， seemed to be somewhat powerful。 Yes， when the huge Ottoman Empire on the other side of Eurasia was torn to pieces by the surrounding forces。 This Qing dynasty， which had the same heavy exorcism， was able to maintain the Begonia leaves of Tibet， Mongolia， and Manchus， as well as the mixed ethnicity that was more complex than the Ottoman Empire at that time。 It was weak but stubborn。 It's not easy to say。 It seems to be far away。。。 Actually， for a long time， although claiming to be a history lover， the only impression of the so-called World War I was the Paris Peace Conference that stimulated the May Fourth Movement。 The noisiness of the Middle East countries has always been regarded as the "brotherhood wall" of the believers of Shia and Sunni and certain other factions。 Of course， there are many other fragmented pieces of information that mislead me in my understanding of the world。 It turns out that the Ottoman Turk Empire， which is so large that it can handle the many throats of the Eurasian continent， whether it is motivated， or that it is desperate for face， beats into the war that may not need to actively intervene， only to get An ending that is far from the wish， in terms of facts， is still somewhat emotional。 Thus， the point in time returned to the days before the First World War。 Due to changes in the times， the huge body of the Ottoman Empire no longer possesses a certain deterrent。 On the contrary， the mass that can easily form a strong inertial force has become a terrifying lead that drags down the core ruler。 On the one hand， there are the various old and new people in the cabinet。 On the other hand， there are the calculations of various religions and ethnic groups in the country seeking a high degree of autonomy and even conspiring for independence。 What about the outside world？ European powers are eyeing the fertile Balkans and the Middle East， while Tsarist Russia hopes to gain access to the sea from the West and more strategic positions confronting European countries from the hands of the Ottoman Empire。 When the radical Young Turkey Party launched a coup to drive away the original power holders， perhaps they did not expect that their full enthusiasm for revival would push them to a height that made them even more contemptible than their predecessors。 When the book is drawn from the real confrontation scenes in the diaries of the two sides facing soldiers， it repeatedly appears in front of us， and it is very lifelike。 I couldn't help but wonder what kind of volition the young leaders of the Ottoman Empire had in mind to join the ever-changing front。 As a result， the long Ottoman coastline became a target for training， and the tribal territory extending in all directions contained the danger of countless backyard fires。 Speaking of the fire in the backyard， I had to insert the "Istanbul Holidays" that made me sigh。 It tells the story of an Armenian survivor who traces the origins of the Armenian people。 The panic in the blood covered the sun， making readers feel palpitated。 From the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century， the Ottoman Empire’s deportation and massacre of Armenians seemed to have never ceased。 As a result， I was extremely confused and confused， because I didn’t think that a surviving child could still maintain a youthful curiosity after World War II。 In terms of age， I later discovered that she was the survivor of the last national cleansing。 Or， it was the latter part of World War I， so it was on the spot。 But when I took advantage of the author's pen to look at the bloody curse that Armenians and Turks would never be able to dispel from another angle， I found it really difficult to speak decisively on which side。 If we say that at the beginning， the demands of Armenians for autonomy were just to protect their rights as much as possible under the general environment in which Turkey is dominated by Muslims。 At the end of the precarious period of the Ottoman Empire， many of their factions were seeking help from foreign enemies， and their self-government demands were turned into independence demands-this kind of naked division and treason， it is impossible for any government。 Accept it and tolerate it。 In addition， when the two armies faced each other during the war， the Armenian soldiers joined the opposing trench without hesitation， and then revealed the Ottoman garrison and the German garrison's first-hand intelligence and information， which really made people feel chills。 Perhaps by that time， the grievances between Turkish Muslims and Armenian Christians have become strong and choking due to decades of fermentation。 But in the face of the righteousness of the country， this kind of absurd behavior is indeed terrible。 At that time， St。 Petersburg played the card of Christianity， making the Armenians dignified with the Tsarist Russia。 Their actions have not only made the already sensitive Caucasus region appear more turbulent。 What is disgusting is that once the Armenians decide to join the Russian army， they cruelly ravage the Muslim farmers who live together。 It can only be said that under the general pattern of history， there are really no absolute perpetrators and victims。 The slaughtered Armenians certainly used movies and novels to earn bundles of tears and sympathy。 What about the Muslim farmers who were killed or injured in the mosque？ The blood sprinkled in the yellow earth weeping， who will sing the elegy of pity for them？ Perhaps someone will question my position of "Armenians taking the blame"， which is really anti-human guilt。 Fortunately， I did not say this explicitly。 I just feel that it is indeed inappropriate for the Armenians to collude with the military forces of hostile countries in order to seek the autonomy and independence of the provinces where they live in such an era。 The crime of collaborating with the enemy and treason， no matter what era and no matter in which country， you can find 10，000 ways to deal with it。 What's more， the Turks' desperate efforts in front of the battle at that time were really full of tragic and generous flavor。 Regarding the good and evil attributes of the Allied Powers in World War I， I feel that there have been too many assessments。 But I don't think that when I see the word empire， I have already assessed them as despicable， cruel， and tyrannical。 Anyway， at the Paris Peace Conference， Britain， France， Russia， the United States and other countries trampled on the Qing Dynasty at that time， so there is no need to say more。 Before Ottoman had joined the battlefront， Britain， France and Russia had already pulled the map of that huge country long ago， and their ghosts pressed their own palm prints in different regions and coastlines。 Ha ha， there is no justice at all， but it is the second division of the world's colonies and spheres of influence by the sunless empire， the French empire， and the Tsarist Russia。 Therefore， the British and French coalition forces gathered soldiers of various colors and origins like the Tower of Babel， and sent them from this Ottoman border to another fortress。 There are so many such absurd transfers that people on both sides of the trenches actually "reunited" again and again in the rain of bullets。 It is said that the trenches of the two warring parties are sometimes very close， so close that they can hear each other's speech。 This close range made the soldiers on both sides considerate， and they threw snacks into the enemy trenches during the ceasefire。 A Turkish soldier remembers that he once threw cigarettes， raisins， hazelnuts and almonds into the ANZ Front。 The invaders also threw canned fruits and jams to express their gratitude。 Emincher found it very magical。 No one would throw gifts mixed with dirt to each other， and no one would give back snacks with grenade。 The food exchange between the two parties was done out of good intentions。 Even the two armies rarely joked with each other in their respective trenches。 A Turkish soldier struggling to dig trenches waved his shovel at the British front from time to time， as if saying， "Is it alright， British。" Unbearable， a British soldier finally picked up a rifle and punched a hole in the provocative shovel。 According to Spooner， "There was no movement for a while， until later the opponent stretched out a shovel very slowly， seemingly exhausted， with a bandage wrapped around it！" The quoted bridge can be used as a bloody war film to ease the atmosphere， but it also clearly informs the world that the soldiers on both sides of the opposing side actually don't know why they are fighting here。 No， about the Turks still know something。 After all， every bullet shot in their own country is related to the survival of this country that has been honed and honed for hundreds of years。 It is precisely because of the bravery in the bones of this country and the people that they can withstand the initial stormy blows and abuses， and show surprising tenaciousness。 In the end， they even forced the great British on a global scale。 The Empire opened three special investigation committees at the same time to investigate the astonishing defeat in Ottoman territory。 This actually reminds me of China during World War II。 The initial continual defeats were also regarded by the world as a weakness on the battlefield。 But after the beatings of the previous few years， the bite that he turned his head and bitterly was bloody， and it shocked the world。 It was a pity that many years of time were wasted in vain only when he fell into the urgency of fighting in his nest again。 In contrast， the Ottoman Empire’s stubborn support is also surprising。 What is even more rare is the desperate energy of Turkish Muslims， the kind of heroic spirit of killing themselves when facing more advanced weapons， larger battles， and more shocking aura than their own。 Sure enough， in the environment of war， even the sense of recklessness will become heroic。 It's a pity that the Ottoman Empire has survived for so many years， but in the end， what should I say？ According to the author's intention， he should have accepted the terms that shouldn't be accepted， and clearly should take a firm stand in the name of jihad。 As a result， the entire regime has become a roulette on someone's plate。。。 However， I always have inexplicable sympathy for the few young Turkish leaders who carried the Ottoman banner in the storm。 When they entered the top of the country， they were quite young。 But on the opposite side of them， they are full of all kinds of malicious concerns-just like everyone will encounter in family gatherings， it seems that everyone is caring about the bits and pieces in your private life， as if a coin of a dollar has been dropped。 I will feel sorry for you for a long time， but when I turn around， everyone laughs at your funny stories that you can't even hold on to the same malicious concern。 Therefore， no matter why they decided to join the First World War， why they decided to cleanse Armenian Christians， or why they decided to put pressure on the Arabs， they could not escape some helpless cramps-they were probably too young。 Not only those few people， but the entire regime and cabinet they represent。 As for the decline and fall of the Ottoman Empire， apart from the fact that the general situation has gone and the First World War， I think there may be another reason。 When Shang Yang first arrived in the State of Qin more than two thousand years ago， he once said that Qin's national style was sturdy and defeated in battle。 What's the reason？ The people are strong and the country is weak。 The people are all sturdy and brave， and all their energy is devoted to private fighting。 But the state convened， all of them are stuck on the stage and can't come to the table， it's not good。 Osman is the same。 All tribes have ghosts in their hearts。 Turks and Armenians are just the biggest focus of contradiction， while Bedouins， Arabs， Jews， etc。 all show the "wolf ambition" of wanting to break away from centralized power and seek independence。 This kind of mentality is often supported by European and American "trusteeism"， and uses a roundabout way to realize their desire to implement colonial rule。 How do you do well in this country！ After the end of the First World War， the brutal division of borders in the Middle East by the British and French countries could not make up for the need for migration and infiltration of all ethnic groups during the war。 The original ethnic interests were fragmented， and the emerging regime did not get enough public opinion。 The various forces in the Middle East saw the saw， and since then， they have planted the roots。 It's like a mischievous kid who doesn't care how to dispose of the long-awaited jars， and after violently smashing them， he just sticks them with clay and throws them away。 In the end， only a mess was left。 In recent years， public opinion has been saying that European and American countries have caused a crisis in Syria， and in turn they need to deal with the refugee problem。 Back in that period of history， Britain and France also disregarded the national sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire， offered assistance to certain separatists， and faced strong protests from Turkish Muslims。 Even Osman used a vigorous religious uprising to fight back in the name of initiating a Muslim jihad （in fact， this is a German idea）。 The causal logic of these two periods of time is no longer clear。 And returning to the indifferent perspective， this historical carbine， is it not a kind of bitterness of "the way of heaven is good for reincarnation， who will be spared by the heavens"。 。。。more

José ，

le pondría un 3，5 un poco como la primera guerra mundial: los preparativos son increíbles， empieza muy bien， luego se alarga demasiado y acaba peor de lo que te esperabasestá muy guapo no es un libro de historia al uso sino que toma mucho de teoría poscolonial al usar cartas y documentos no de los occidentales sino de turcos árabes e indios （que fueron los que lucharon en el teatro otomano al fin y al cabo） y muestra como oriente medio fue un escenario definitorio de la guerra， cuando en la mayo le pondría un 3，5 un poco como la primera guerra mundial: los preparativos son increíbles， empieza muy bien， luego se alarga demasiado y acaba peor de lo que te esperabasestá muy guapo no es un libro de historia al uso sino que toma mucho de teoría poscolonial al usar cartas y documentos no de los occidentales sino de turcos árabes e indios （que fueron los que lucharon en el teatro otomano al fin y al cabo） y muestra como oriente medio fue un escenario definitorio de la guerra， cuando en la mayoría de europa está relegado a mesopotamia galipoli y la toma de jerusaléncomo crítica puf se hace bola hacia la mitad sobre todo porque el autor se mete mucho en vainas de las batallas cuando su fuerte （el del autor） es contar las cosas desde otra perspectivamención especial a las páginas finales sobre descolonización y oriente medio 。。。more

Wan Peter ，

Looking through the decades of war。 Wars' will never end。 Looking through the decades of war。 Wars' will never end。 。。。more

Matthew Werner ，

Well written， informative， and enjoyable read。 Relevant to many of the issues still ongoing in Middle-East。

Benjamin ，

Really interesting book， that gives a great backstory to how the middle east turned out the way that it has。

Mike O'Grady ，

some of these work as audio books。This one did not。

Linnea ，

Makes you wonder what is in store for us in the future。

Kristian Eilertsen ，

En veldig god bok， som er rik på detaljerte beskrivelser av krigens gang i Midt-Østen under Første verdenskrig。 Det faktum at det var den osmanske fronten， hvor både Det britiske imperiet og Frankrike i stor grad benyttet soldater fra koloniene， som gjorde Første verdenskrig til nettopp en verdenskrig， fremstår som svært underkommunisert i dag。 Eugene Rogan bidrar til å korrigere dette， og det på eksemplarisk vis。 Rogan får også tydelig frem hvordan Entente-maktenes krig mot Det osmanske riket f En veldig god bok， som er rik på detaljerte beskrivelser av krigens gang i Midt-Østen under Første verdenskrig。 Det faktum at det var den osmanske fronten， hvor både Det britiske imperiet og Frankrike i stor grad benyttet soldater fra koloniene， som gjorde Første verdenskrig til nettopp en verdenskrig， fremstår som svært underkommunisert i dag。 Eugene Rogan bidrar til å korrigere dette， og det på eksemplarisk vis。 Rogan får også tydelig frem hvordan Entente-maktenes krig mot Det osmanske riket forlenger krigen， snarere enn å bidra til krigens snarlige slutt。Bokens største svakhet， er trolig dens brå slutt。 Det fremstår som at Rogan farer over med harelabb de tro-tre første årene etter krigens slutt。 I disse årene besegles Det osmanske rikets skjebne， Kemal Atatürk vei til makten finner sted og grensene trekkes for dagens Tyrkia （i all hovedsak）。 。。。more

Julianaschnell ，

4。5

Emil Ellefsen ，

All you ever wanted to know about the Middle Eastern theatre in World War I。 Rogan covers a vast topic masterfully in clear and concise prose。 Readability is never sacrificed， yet the level of detail offered to the reader is a wonderful achievement considering the modest length of the book （400 pages）。 This is not a story akin of a “The Decline and Fall…” but rather “The Defeat of…” – that is to say not a long-winded account of institutional decay， but an action-packed account of the multiple ca All you ever wanted to know about the Middle Eastern theatre in World War I。 Rogan covers a vast topic masterfully in clear and concise prose。 Readability is never sacrificed， yet the level of detail offered to the reader is a wonderful achievement considering the modest length of the book （400 pages）。 This is not a story akin of a “The Decline and Fall…” but rather “The Defeat of…” – that is to say not a long-winded account of institutional decay， but an action-packed account of the multiple campaigns waged primarily by the British Empire and her allies against the Ottomans。 Most chapters are dedicated to these campaigns， obviously in chronological order and with the grand strategic view dripping in at appropriate junctions。 The background chapters sets the stage perfectly， and one gets the sense that the war against the Ottomans was always considered “won”。 Hence， the Allies’ decisions （specifically， the French） at key points were not in the interest of the overall war effort， but strategic positioning for the post-war settlement。 This is a key counterpoint to the prevailing wisdom that the Middle Eastern front was a sideshow that probably prolonged the war – namely that， apart from the Gallipoli offensive， it was never ment to shorten it， but to maximize the spoils。 The ill-fated Gallipoli offensive is presented as a good idea poorly executed， and Kitchener’s doing rather than Churchill’s。 The Ottoman-Russian war in North-Eastern Anatolia was a complete blank spot for me prior to reading this book， and endlessly fascinating。 The endgame of these campaigns， with the Russian army deep into the Anatolian heartland and eventual retreat just goes to show the Bolshevik willingness to end the war at all costs。 The Armenian genocide is a standout chapter in many ways。 For one， it is the only regular chapter not directly relevant to the war effort。 Second， even amidst the brutality and suffering of the common soldier， the Armenian genocide stands out in its gruesomeness and reads like a foreshadowing of the Holocaust。 The corollary to this being a concise narrative is that key decisions are never analysed， and Rogan does not deal in “what ifs”。 For example， the alternative to Gallipoli: a landing in Alexandretta （today’s Iskenderun） is never mentioned。 This landing would have cut the Ottoman Empire in two with a trivial investment in terms of Allied manpower according to war-planners in Cairo。 Furthermore， I feel the ending of the book is quite abrupt。 Even though the subtitle claims to cover the period from 1914-1920 the book is practically over by the armistice in late 1918。 The next two years， though action-packed chapters of Turkish history， is cursory dealt with。 This haste is a bit odd， especially considering that one of Rogan’s key conclusions is that it was not the war that directly caused the fall of the Ottomans。 Rather， it was their acceptance of the Sévres peace treaty， which prompted Ataturk and his officers to finally break with the Sublime Porte and instigate the series of wars that would establish modern Turkey。 In the end， the “sideshow” status of the Ottoman Empire is thoroughly undeserved。 As mentioned above， the theatre featured central imperial designs – the British in Egypt and Iraq， French in Syria and Lebanon – as well as the wildcard Arab nationalism， an awakened political force that would dominate the region for the next 50 years and meet its end in six days of fire in June ’67。 While the “main show” in Europe would be fought over again in 30 years， the “sideshow” in the Middle East wouldn’t。 The borders and outward unity of the political units established in the post-war settlement have proved remarkably resilient– save for the obvious inclusion of Israel。 Take one look at the map of the Middle East and the fall of the Ottomans echoes in our own age – and to understand how that all came about， Rogan’s book is a great starting point。 。。。more

Lundburg ，

Would make a [verb ] mini TV series。

مصطفى ，

كتاب ضخم في الجهد المبذول فيه، والمعلومات يتناول الحرب على الجبهة العثمانية، ويتناول الحرب العالمية الأولى عموماً والتي يتم تهميش ما جرى فيها أوروبياً على الجبهة الشرقية لإعفاء الذنب مما يحدث من جرائم في المنطقة وصراعات هي نتاج مباشر للكوارث التي ألحقها بالعرب المطامع الأوروبية، والإفساد العثماني من قبلهكتاب محايد وموضوعي، كان من الأجدر أن تضاف كلمة ملحمة إلى العنوان، لأن ترصيع الكتاب بشهادات حية للجنود وأشعار، جعله أقرب إلى ملحمة هوميرية من تقرير حربي

Hossam Khalid ，

Extremely great book！The book provided a comprehensive overview of the latest days of the Ottoman Empire， the conflicts within the turks， and with the other components of the empire specially the Arabs。I like that the writer provided just the enough and needed information about any events， and did not fill it it with unnecessary details。

Bynum Reviews ，

I had no trouble feeling the character's pain， tears and sorrow。 I had no trouble feeling the character's pain， tears and sorrow。 。。。more

David Shelton ，

I wanted to read this book to better understand the formation of the modern Middle East。 Unfortunately the book is mostly about the Ottoman side of WWI。 The beginning of the book drew me in pretty well but eventually it slowed down。 I was expecting the book to cover more of the after war period since the Ottoman Empire officially fell in 1922。 The book also spent a lot of time covering the Ottoman victories but less so on the defeat at the end。 For this reason the story doesn’t make a ton of sen I wanted to read this book to better understand the formation of the modern Middle East。 Unfortunately the book is mostly about the Ottoman side of WWI。 The beginning of the book drew me in pretty well but eventually it slowed down。 I was expecting the book to cover more of the after war period since the Ottoman Empire officially fell in 1922。 The book also spent a lot of time covering the Ottoman victories but less so on the defeat at the end。 For this reason the story doesn’t make a ton of sense without knowing more of the broader context。 I would recommend this book to anyone interested in the Ottoman involvement in WWI， but if you’re looking for anything else you will be disappointed。 。。。more

Israel von Niederhauser ，

I really enjoyed this book and it was very interesting to read。 The author did a fantastic job of not making this overly complicated。 I thought it was very easy and clear to understand what was going on which isn't always the case with all history books。 Great insights and information on the rise of the Committee of Union and Progress （CUP） and the politics of the Ottomon Empire， the Ottomon front of the war， the Armenian genocide， the Allies fear of Jihad， German involvement with the Ottomon mi I really enjoyed this book and it was very interesting to read。 The author did a fantastic job of not making this overly complicated。 I thought it was very easy and clear to understand what was going on which isn't always the case with all history books。 Great insights and information on the rise of the Committee of Union and Progress （CUP） and the politics of the Ottomon Empire， the Ottomon front of the war， the Armenian genocide， the Allies fear of Jihad， German involvement with the Ottomon military， and British and French imperial ambitions in the Middle East。 The end also does a great job in summing up the aftermath of the war and how the borders set after the conflict have led to the turmoil and strife that can be found in the Middle East to this day。 。。。more

Sarmat Chowdhury ，

*dnf*。 One of the most dry books I have read about WWI and the Ottomans。

Luca Pertegato ，

This book deals with the often forgotten Middle Eastern front during WW1。 The wounds that that war caused are still fresh today。 Therefore， by delving deep into this book the reader can get a more solid grasp of Middle Eastern history。 This book also highlights the end of the British globocop era as Gallipoli and the early Iraqi campaign demonstrated。 On top of that， the rather complex Ottoman society is outlined and helps understanding why some unethical choices were made， e。g。 prisoners forced This book deals with the often forgotten Middle Eastern front during WW1。 The wounds that that war caused are still fresh today。 Therefore， by delving deep into this book the reader can get a more solid grasp of Middle Eastern history。 This book also highlights the end of the British globocop era as Gallipoli and the early Iraqi campaign demonstrated。 On top of that， the rather complex Ottoman society is outlined and helps understanding why some unethical choices were made， e。g。 prisoners forced marches in the desert。 。。。more

Xiang Li ，

惊艳的开头过后就是罗列事实的叙述了 作者似乎一直想把发生在奥斯曼帝国灭忙中那么多奇怪事件隐藏在表象之下——似乎在作者看来 这些事情很正常 但只要读者稍微用心思考一下 太多的不可理解的事件选择发生在这一段时期 而这些从未在书中体现

Anthony Nelson ，

A solid read， but I had hoped for more Ottoman internal politics rather than another military history of the campaigns in Palestine and the Dardanelles。

Dave ，

Really enjoyed this book， I’ve read a few books on WW1 regarding the Gallipoli campaign and the conquest of the Middle East， but this book successfully encompasses these conflicts whilst managing to portray a more detailed account of the fall of the Ottoman Empire。The author manages to give an interesting and thought provoking story that， whilst authoritatively covering the main battles， gives an alternative view to the well covered Western European version， as well as bringing the story up to t Really enjoyed this book， I’ve read a few books on WW1 regarding the Gallipoli campaign and the conquest of the Middle East， but this book successfully encompasses these conflicts whilst managing to portray a more detailed account of the fall of the Ottoman Empire。The author manages to give an interesting and thought provoking story that， whilst authoritatively covering the main battles， gives an alternative view to the well covered Western European version， as well as bringing the story up to the creation of the current situation in the Middle East。 。。。more

Stuart ，

A detailed picture of the Ottoman Empire， How it Functioned， and How it CollapsedI listened to this after finishing an audiobook lecture series from the Great Courses， the Ottoman Empire， by Professor Kenneth W。 Harl， which was a very comprehensive series of 36 lectures on all aspects of the Ottoman Empire over 600 years。This book has a more narrow focus on the modern history of the Ottoman Empire， its involvement in the modern European and World Wars of the 19th and 20th centuries， how it was A detailed picture of the Ottoman Empire， How it Functioned， and How it CollapsedI listened to this after finishing an audiobook lecture series from the Great Courses， the Ottoman Empire， by Professor Kenneth W。 Harl， which was a very comprehensive series of 36 lectures on all aspects of the Ottoman Empire over 600 years。This book has a more narrow focus on the modern history of the Ottoman Empire， its involvement in the modern European and World Wars of the 19th and 20th centuries， how it was torn asunder by internal forces （Arab Nationalism， the Extermination of Armenians in the Empire） and its conflicts with Russia and the Allied Powers， which laid the groundwork for the the Western Powers to carve it up after World War I and create the modern political landscape of the Middle East， with all the intractable problems we see today。 。。。more

Matthew Saveliev ，

An excellent book， both informative and engaging。

Gopakumar ，

A wonderful read， deeply insightful on the historical roots of the fracas that the Middle East is facing today。 What stood out for me - beyond the details of the wars and the characters leading both fronts - was the perfidy of the so-called Great Powers as they left no stone unturned in their efforts to lure the different tribes and nationalities in the region into the war and trap them in a web of deceit; a web that they masterfully weaved and tightly controlled according to their whims and fan A wonderful read， deeply insightful on the historical roots of the fracas that the Middle East is facing today。 What stood out for me - beyond the details of the wars and the characters leading both fronts - was the perfidy of the so-called Great Powers as they left no stone unturned in their efforts to lure the different tribes and nationalities in the region into the war and trap them in a web of deceit; a web that they masterfully weaved and tightly controlled according to their whims and fancies。Being a lifelong student of Indian history and having read about how the British colonialists formed and destroyed alliances in my home country， all to suit their selfish interests， Eugene Rogan's book brings out the true character of the powerful Western countries during the Great War。 As they say， all's fair in love and war。The one peeve I would have about this book is the absence of enough maps。 Would have loved to see maps showing the progress of war in each chapter and a reference to where the various towns and cities are with respect to the main command centers。 It does take some time to co-relate the locations in the book with Google maps， but it was definitely worth taking the extra effort to map each of the major battle sites。Overall a great read， extremely well researched， lucid in style， bringing out first person accounts of the soldiers who fought the war。 And lastly， your heart does go out to the millions of Armenians systematically exterminated by the Young Turks - wonder why this sordid chapter in the history of humanity never got widespread attention。 。。。more

Başar Atıcı ，

Written as vividly as Antony Beevor's WWII books， The Fall of the Ottomans fills many gaps in your mind， takes you to the point zero of battlegrounds and by referring to international politics only when necessary， draws a perfect outline of the WWI in the Middle East。 I don't think I can find the proper words to describe how masterly it is written and how necessary and vital to all citizens of Turkey， as well for the Middle Easterns and for those who'd like to comprehend the 20th century。 Written as vividly as Antony Beevor's WWII books， The Fall of the Ottomans fills many gaps in your mind， takes you to the point zero of battlegrounds and by referring to international politics only when necessary， draws a perfect outline of the WWI in the Middle East。 I don't think I can find the proper words to describe how masterly it is written and how necessary and vital to all citizens of Turkey， as well for the Middle Easterns and for those who'd like to comprehend the 20th century。 。。。more

Eugene Snegov ，

Эталонная историческая книга о войне: подробная и логически выверенная， с массой ссылок на источники， иллюстраций и воспоминаний участников событий。 Из серьезных недостатков - разве что очень скупое описание событий на Кавказском фронте。 Да， суть происходящего передана， но на фоне подробнейшего рассказа о боях в Египте， Месопотамии， на Галлиполи и т。д。 сражения на Кавказе просто теряются。

Sir Blue ，

Great info。 Great history book。Dates back to the Armenian Genocide。Then the german alliance。After the start of world war one。There was full allied invasion of middle east。The Turkish， saudi arabia， and far east。Where multi competing factions。Then england invaded turky and palastine。Russia did invade from russia。Then england was in arabia。 European invasion in middle east。Seemed odd。 The simple middle eastern ways。 Disturbed by empirical european powers。 The tribal life of ottomans markets cloaks Great info。 Great history book。Dates back to the Armenian Genocide。Then the german alliance。After the start of world war one。There was full allied invasion of middle east。The Turkish， saudi arabia， and far east。Where multi competing factions。Then england invaded turky and palastine。Russia did invade from russia。Then england was in arabia。 European invasion in middle east。Seemed odd。 The simple middle eastern ways。 Disturbed by empirical european powers。 The tribal life of ottomans markets cloaks。Turned into redistricting。The war fare grand。 Tanks machine guns。Camel riders vs tanks。 Jaugernaught boats。 The Suez was there。Russian snow war。 Still the conflict was racial。Like the Armenians may be russians with india？ India with china elopement issue。Or even I think armenians did deport to middle east from armerica。In 1994 or 1998。Some of these issues seem like pos issues from my life time。Like Europe's issue was lack of american ability to visit europe。 Closed borders。 Ottomans where modeled a european empire in asia。 Similar to Iraq's push for power。Ancient war at this point。。。 。。。more

Marsilla Dewi-Baruch ，

The precise details of wars between Central powers against Entente allies dwarf the factors that drove Ottoman’s collapse。 I very much expect the author to delve into corruption， mismanagement and mendacity hovering Ottoman Empire。 Scarce information on these subjects from this book。 However， this book is worth to read。

Sherif Arafa ，

By all means， a great book。 It keeps you captivated and immerses you in the various battle fronts: from the Russian front to Gallipoli and from the Sinai front to Mesopotamia and the Arab revolt。 A must read if you seek an overview of how the ottomans got involved in the Great War till their downfall。

Reference

google book https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East

hathitrust digital library https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?q1=The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East&field1=ocr&a=srchls&ft=ft&lmt=ft

The British Library https://bll01.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=Not_BL_Suppress&vid=44BL_INST:BLL01&lang=en&offset=0