Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction
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- Create Date：2021-07-30 09:54:33
- Update Date：2025-09-06
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- Author：Jennifer Nagel
- ISBN：019966126X
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Summary
What is knowledge？ Is it the same as opinion or truth？ Do you need to be able to justify a claim in order to count as knowing it？ How can we know that the outer world is real and not a dream？
Questions like these are ancient ones， and the branch of philosophy dedicated to answering them - epistemology - has been active for thousands of years。 In this thought provoking Very Short Introduction， Jennifer Nagel considers the central problems and paradoxes in the theory of knowledge whilst drawing attention to the ways in which philosophers and theorists have responded to them。 By exploring the relationship between knowledge and truth， and considering the problem of scepticism， Nagel introduces a series of influential historical and contemporary theories of knowledge， incorporating methods from logic， linguistics， and psychology， and using a number of everyday examples to demonstrate the key issues and debates。
Questions like these are ancient ones， and the branch of philosophy dedicated to answering them - epistemology - has been active for thousands of years。 In this thought provoking Very Short Introduction， Jennifer Nagel considers the central problems and paradoxes in the theory of knowledge whilst drawing attention to the ways in which philosophers and theorists have responded to them。 By exploring the relationship between knowledge and truth， and considering the problem of scepticism， Nagel introduces a series of influential historical and contemporary theories of knowledge， incorporating methods from logic， linguistics， and psychology， and using a number of everyday examples to demonstrate the key issues and debates。
Reviews
Joey
，
This was a decent book that shared some really cool ideas。 I would revisit my notes （at the front）， but this isn't really worth a re-read This was a decent book that shared some really cool ideas。 I would revisit my notes （at the front）， but this isn't really worth a re-read 。。。more
Larry Liao
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How do I know that I’ve read this book
Abhishek Mitra
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Good introduction。
Tarjei Johre
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Thought provoking indeed。 I'm not sure if I know more now， than I did before I read the book。 But I think I do。 Is it then merely an opinion？ What is de facto the difference？ As information gets more available， epistemology （should） become more important。 With information I mean access to other peoples thoughts， opinions， work， science， etc。 How do we distinguish between truth and falsehood？ Between facts and opinion？ And who has the right to decide？ Some scepticism is a virtue。 I think。 I don't Thought provoking indeed。 I'm not sure if I know more now， than I did before I read the book。 But I think I do。 Is it then merely an opinion？ What is de facto the difference？ As information gets more available， epistemology （should） become more important。 With information I mean access to other peoples thoughts， opinions， work， science， etc。 How do we distinguish between truth and falsehood？ Between facts and opinion？ And who has the right to decide？ Some scepticism is a virtue。 I think。 I don't claim it to be true。 Your truth may be different than mine。 You may also be no more than a brain in a vat。 It is truly impressing to squeeze the history， questions and paradoxes of epistemology into 116 pages of easy reading， and at the same time being able to make the ideas understandable and fascinating for the reader。 Hands down， Jennifer。 Should people read more about knowledge？ If you think so， and is interested in a very short introduction; this is the right book for you。 You could also recommend it to some of your most assertive friends。 。。。more
ADITYA SINGH
，
I started reading this out of curiosity and halfway through I was questioning everything around me。 True to its name， its concise and easy to read。
Hom Sack
，
Excellent introduction to Epistemology。For the visual learners， her series on Wireless Philosophy is excellent too:Epistemology: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge - YouTube （https://www。youtube。com/playlist？list。。。）as well as the much longer series of lectures:Jennifer Nagel - Frege Lectures 2019 - YouTube （https://www。youtube。com/playlist？list。。。） Excellent introduction to Epistemology。For the visual learners， her series on Wireless Philosophy is excellent too:Epistemology: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge - YouTube （https://www。youtube。com/playlist？list。。。）as well as the much longer series of lectures:Jennifer Nagel - Frege Lectures 2019 - YouTube （https://www。youtube。com/playlist？list。。。） 。。。more
Helen Luo
，
Read this once as an undergraduate student， and later on as a graduate student for a TA position。 Both times I found the content and the way it was laid out to be clarifying and instructive。 I thought it was commendable the way Nagel condensed and summarized a huge wealth of literature into an accessible narrative， and compares favourably to similar volumes （such as Pritchard's 'Epistemology'） with its selective focus on philosophically interesting topics （in particular， a relatively short exege Read this once as an undergraduate student， and later on as a graduate student for a TA position。 Both times I found the content and the way it was laid out to be clarifying and instructive。 I thought it was commendable the way Nagel condensed and summarized a huge wealth of literature into an accessible narrative， and compares favourably to similar volumes （such as Pritchard's 'Epistemology'） with its selective focus on philosophically interesting topics （in particular， a relatively short exegesis on the Gettier literature）。 This is an excellent book to organize an introductory course around， and easily maps onto a natural set of secondary readings。 。。。more
Moh。 Nasiri
，
کتابی در باب معرفت شناسی فلسفیدویدن پی آواز حقیقتKnowledge=Epistemology این کتاب را در بلینکیست گوش دادم و برای درک معرفت شناسی و نحوه درک ما از جهان پرداخت استاینکه درک و معرفت ما از جهان به چه شکلی هست نویسنده با بررسی دیدگاه های مختلفی از فیلسوفان یونان（پروتاگروس و افلاطون） و چند قرن اخیر（دکارت،جان لاک。。。） سعی می کند به این سوال جواب بدهد اینکه باور و معرفت چه نسبتی با هم دارندآیا واقعیت وجود دارد یا ما رویا می بینیمهمانگونه که قلاب سلبی و ایجابی همیشه برای درک مفاهیم و تئوری پردازی از ما دست کتابی در باب معرفت شناسی فلسفیدویدن پی آواز حقیقتKnowledge=Epistemology این کتاب را در بلینکیست گوش دادم و برای درک معرفت شناسی و نحوه درک ما از جهان پرداخت استاینکه درک و معرفت ما از جهان به چه شکلی هست نویسنده با بررسی دیدگاه های مختلفی از فیلسوفان یونان（پروتاگروس و افلاطون） و چند قرن اخیر（دکارت،جان لاک。。。） سعی می کند به این سوال جواب بدهد اینکه باور و معرفت چه نسبتی با هم دارندآیا واقعیت وجود دارد یا ما رویا می بینیمهمانگونه که قلاب سلبی و ایجابی همیشه برای درک مفاهیم و تئوری پردازی از ما دست بردار نیستند به همین ترتیب درک آفاقی（آبجکتیو） و انفسی（سابجکتیو） جهان و حقیقت یا سوژه و ابژه به تعبیر استاد مصطفی ملکیان بر ذهن ما لنگر انداخته است 。تا زمانی که مرزی بین بدن ما و جهان کشیده شده است این نگرش بیرون و درون وجود خواهد داشت سفر مکرربیرونی و درونی از دید ناظر اول شخص。افلاطون معتقد بود که حقیقت آبجکتیو هست و در حالیکه پروتاگوراس می گفت سابجکتیو هست به نظرم برای درک مقدماتی موضوع معرفت شناسی کتاب خوبی هست هر چند به دیدگاه برخی ار فیلسوفان نپرداخته هستکتاب هایی از این دست در حوزه علاقمندان فلسفه ذهن و علوم شناختی قرار می گیرندکلمات کلیدیObjective Vs。 SubjectiveExternalism Vs。 InternalismskepticismPerceptionEmpiricismRationalismContextualismTestimonyReductionismIntuitionمتنی درخصوص دویدن پی آواز حقیقت در ویرگول نوشتمhttps://virgool。io/@m。nasiri/%D8%AF%D。。。 。。。more
Jung
，
Knowledge is a slippery subject， and even the experts can’t seem to agree on what constitutes it or how we access it。 Nevertheless， interrogating how we come to know what we know， and whether we really know what we think we know， encourages us to evaluate critically the information we take in， the beliefs we hold， and the knowledge we take for granted。Actionable advice: Tap into the power of communal knowledge。A knower needn’t be an individual expert。 Groups can also hold collective knowledge th Knowledge is a slippery subject， and even the experts can’t seem to agree on what constitutes it or how we access it。 Nevertheless， interrogating how we come to know what we know， and whether we really know what we think we know， encourages us to evaluate critically the information we take in， the beliefs we hold， and the knowledge we take for granted。Actionable advice: Tap into the power of communal knowledge。A knower needn’t be an individual expert。 Groups can also hold collective knowledge that is greater than the sum of the group’s parts。 In an orchestra， for example， the trumpeter knows how to play parts written for the trumpet and the oboist knows how to play parts written for the oboe。 As a collective， however， the group knows how to play whole symphonies。 。。。more
Chintushig Tumenbayar
，
Мэдэж байгаа зүйлээ мэдэж байна гэдгийг бид яаж мэдэх вэ？ Зүгээр тэрэж итгээд байгаа юм биш байгаа эсвэл бидэнд тэгээд итгүүлчихсэн бол яах вэ？ Энэ асуултуудын зааг хаана оршдог вэ？Бид юу мэдэх вэ？ Яаж мэддэг болдог юм бэ？ Ер нь мэдэх нь чухал юм уу？ Одоо тэгээд бид яах вэ？
Zhivko Kabaivanov
，
Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction （2014） is an accessible introduction to the complex field of epistemology。 Epistemology is concerned with the nature of knowledge itself。 What can we know？ And how do we know that we know it？ Knowledge surveys epistemological thinking from the ancient Greeks to contemporary philosophy， shining a bright light on this fascinating field of thought。
QUINNS
，
Knowledge is a tricky subject。 According to this book， even the experts can't seem to agree on what constitutes it or how we access it。 Still， questioning how we come to know what we know， and whether we know what we think we know， encourages us to evaluate critically the information we take in， the beliefs we hold， and the knowledge we take for granted。 Finally， a knower needn't be an individual expert。 Groups could also have a collective understanding that is greater than the sum of the group' Knowledge is a tricky subject。 According to this book， even the experts can't seem to agree on what constitutes it or how we access it。 Still， questioning how we come to know what we know， and whether we know what we think we know， encourages us to evaluate critically the information we take in， the beliefs we hold， and the knowledge we take for granted。 Finally， a knower needn't be an individual expert。 Groups could also have a collective understanding that is greater than the sum of the group's parts。 。。。more
kaki pacifico
，
It's true！ xD This book is written in an exceptionally simple way and is particularly simple to follow。 Such an amazing book to start with to also cause my interest on epistemology get intense to a greater extent。 It's true！ xD This book is written in an exceptionally simple way and is particularly simple to follow。 Such an amazing book to start with to also cause my interest on epistemology get intense to a greater extent。 。。。more
Sandra
，
a reler
Steve
，
If you would like a very short introduction to knowledge （epistemology） then this 116 page book is just perfect。 Maybe someone with a deep philosophy background would have some reason to carp about it， I don’t know （haha）。 But as a lay reader it felt like this was a very clear explanation of various schools of thought over the centuries。 By the way， the author Jennifer Nagel （a philosophy professor and an engaging writer who can easily speak Plain English） is *not* related to Thomas Nagel， a ver If you would like a very short introduction to knowledge （epistemology） then this 116 page book is just perfect。 Maybe someone with a deep philosophy background would have some reason to carp about it， I don’t know （haha）。 But as a lay reader it felt like this was a very clear explanation of various schools of thought over the centuries。 By the way， the author Jennifer Nagel （a philosophy professor and an engaging writer who can easily speak Plain English） is *not* related to Thomas Nagel， a very famous philosopher。 。。。more
David Gross
，
Very clearly and precisely written。 An excellent overview of the past and current philosophical problems concerning knowledge。
Antoine Levie
，
short， lively， clear introductory read though more reading is required to properly understand the topic。
Michael Miller
，
Helpful （and， yes， very short） introduction to epistemology， hitting on both historical development and contemporary issues。 The bibliography and notes aid in further exploration。
Gints Dreimanis
，
What is knowledge？ Is it the same as opinion or truth？ Do you need to be able to justify a claim in order to count as knowing it？ How can we know that the outer world is real and not a dream？Who knows。 🤷
Jonathan Thompson
，
Better than philosophical method but still had to jump around。 Covers many camps， gives you a good map of where different arguments are。
Pavlogreen
，
Afilada， grácil en su escritura， clara en sus explicaciones y con tono distendido， Jennifer Nagel ofrece en Knowledge: A very short introduction una de las mejores obras si uno tiene interés en esta rama tan enrevesada de la filosofía que es la epistemología。 Nagel， lejos de complicar la ya difícil teoría， la hace accesible e incluso apasionante。 Tras esta lectura mi agrado por la disciplina ha aumentado y ahora dispongo de unas cuantas herramientas conceptuales nuevas y referencias bibliográfic Afilada， grácil en su escritura， clara en sus explicaciones y con tono distendido， Jennifer Nagel ofrece en Knowledge: A very short introduction una de las mejores obras si uno tiene interés en esta rama tan enrevesada de la filosofía que es la epistemología。 Nagel， lejos de complicar la ya difícil teoría， la hace accesible e incluso apasionante。 Tras esta lectura mi agrado por la disciplina ha aumentado y ahora dispongo de unas cuantas herramientas conceptuales nuevas y referencias bibliográficas valiosas para continuar profundizando en la materia。 。。。more
homs dream
，
أظنّ أنّ الكتب التي تكون "مقدمات" لعلم ما يجب أن تتمتع بخصلتين:1- البساطة2- الإلماملأنّ المتلقي قد ينفر من الموضوع إذا لم يجد ما يشدّه إليه، مهما كان أصل الموضوع مهماً。وكلمة "المعرفة" جذّابة، وتغري بالبحث والاطلاع، لكني أعتقد أنّ هذا الكتاب لم يقدمها بصورة جيّدة، وكان أقرب لصورته الأكاديمية منه إلى صورته التبسيطية。الفصل الذي أعجبني حقاً وشعرت أن فيه إفادة هو [ فصل الشهادة ] الذي في طيّاته يكاد يتطابق مع منهجية أهل الحديث في أخذهم الأحاديث عن الرواة ممن عاصروهم أو لم يعاصروهم （ علم الجرح والتعديل أظنّ أنّ الكتب التي تكون "مقدمات" لعلم ما يجب أن تتمتع بخصلتين:1- البساطة2- الإلماملأنّ المتلقي قد ينفر من الموضوع إذا لم يجد ما يشدّه إليه، مهما كان أصل الموضوع مهماً。وكلمة "المعرفة" جذّابة، وتغري بالبحث والاطلاع، لكني أعتقد أنّ هذا الكتاب لم يقدمها بصورة جيّدة، وكان أقرب لصورته الأكاديمية منه إلى صورته التبسيطية。الفصل الذي أعجبني حقاً وشعرت أن فيه إفادة هو [ فصل الشهادة ] الذي في طيّاته يكاد يتطابق مع منهجية أهل الحديث في أخذهم الأحاديث عن الرواة ممن عاصروهم أو لم يعاصروهم （ علم الجرح والتعديل يعني）。برأيي- ليس مناسباً للمبتدئ - وإن كان يقدّم كذلك، الأجود منه （ كتاب مدخل إلى نظرية المعرفة تأليف أحمد كرساوي ） 。。。more
Mai Ly
，
Drop
Bharathi
，
Meh。 Left me with more questions than answers。
Jalal Zulfiqar
，
Good brief introduction about the different schools of thought about knowledge。 Advised to anyone who wants a brief overview before embarking on the journey of the different philosophies about knowledge and human understanding。
Dan
，
A very good and short book on Epistemology。
Brent Pinkall
，
An excellent introduction to epistemology。 Nagel does what few academics are able to do--write clearly and succinctly。 It takes real skill to explain something as complicated as epistemology in such simple terms。 What's more， Nagel does an excellent job defending and critiquing the various positions she covers。 She presents each position in the best， most persuasive light possible before attacking it through the mouths of its critics。 I've thought about many of the issues she discusses but haven An excellent introduction to epistemology。 Nagel does what few academics are able to do--write clearly and succinctly。 It takes real skill to explain something as complicated as epistemology in such simple terms。 What's more， Nagel does an excellent job defending and critiquing the various positions she covers。 She presents each position in the best， most persuasive light possible before attacking it through the mouths of its critics。 I've thought about many of the issues she discusses but haven't known the technical terms for these different views。 I'm glad to know them now and also to have learned about some new ways of thinking about knowledge that I haven't considered before。 If you're new to epistemology， this is a great place to get your bearings。 。。。more
Erik
，
discussed several debates in epistemology。 felt a bit rambly at times。
Alp
，
Good introduction to epistemology。 The writer covers most of the important philosophers on this topic in 120 pages。 Only read when you are a noob to epistemology
Nai
，