The Dead Sea Scrolls

The Dead Sea Scrolls

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Summary

The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation is a landmark work that brings to life the long-inaccessible scrolls of Qumran。 Three translators at the forefront of modern scrolls scholarship reveal the rich tapestry of writings known as the Dead Sea Scrolls。 This is the most comprehensive translation ever compiled for general readers in any language。 Translated into English, it contains virtually every legible portion of the fragmented scrolls, including revelatory information on early Xianity & its roots deeper than previously realized in ancient Judaism。 Included also are scroll fragments that promise to alter views of biblical history, including never-before released texts & newly discovered writings by & about biblical prophets & ancestors。 The translators provide commentary throughout that place the scrolls in their historical context。 They also present an introduction giving an overview of their contents & discusses who authored them & why。
This book includes:
Revelations about biblical history & the roots of Xianity。
Never-before-seen stories about the biblical figures Abraham, Jacob & Enoch--including a text explaining why God demanded Isaac's sacrifice。
12 extra-biblical texts that claim Mosaic authorship。
New psalms attributed to King David & to Joshua。
Texts illuminating ancient doctrines about angels & writings claiming to be revelations of angels like Archangel Michael。
In their great variety, the Dead Sea Scrolls as captured in this groundbreaking translation offer an unprecedented glimpse of the complex roots of Xianity。 Its dozens of never-before-published texts encompass poetry & prose, teaching parables & magical tales, astrology, apocalyptic visions, buried treasure lists, stories of messiahs & antichrists, demons & angels & together comprise a classic of religious history。

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Reviews

Drake McCrary

The really cool thing about this text is that it is all there。 You are not getting spoon fed choice tidbits to support a specific view point or hypnosis。 That being said the text itself is really dry as you might suspect from scrolls that hung out in caves for 2,ooo years most of them are fragments。 On the plus side them being fragments makes for a quick read。

Horace Derwent

https://www。deadseascrolls。org。il/homeread it again while watching EVA https://www。deadseascrolls。org。il/homeread it again while watching EVA 。。。more

Rossana Howley

This was a fantastic read。 I got to know many things that I never thought of could be real。

Elle Fellman

I read the intro and the interjections of the translators but skimmed the actual translations of the fragments。

Michael Lewyn

The Dead Sea Scrolls are a group of late Second Temple texts that were found together at the Qumran archaeological site in the West Bank。 Most appear to have been written in the Hasmonean period (around 130-60 BCE)。 At least some of them were written by a sect called the Yahad; the Yahad had restricted membership, like a cult or monastery- that is, a prospective member had to hang around for a year or two to be treated as a full member。 It is unclear whether all of the scrolls were used only by The Dead Sea Scrolls are a group of late Second Temple texts that were found together at the Qumran archaeological site in the West Bank。 Most appear to have been written in the Hasmonean period (around 130-60 BCE)。 At least some of them were written by a sect called the Yahad; the Yahad had restricted membership, like a cult or monastery- that is, a prospective member had to hang around for a year or two to be treated as a full member。 It is unclear whether all of the scrolls were used only by Yahad members, or whether Yahad texts were included in a library that was created for a later group of Jews。 Not all of the works were Yahad-specific; many of them explained the Torah in various ways。The most interesting part of this book is the introduction, in which the editors speculate about who wrote the scrolls。 Many archaeologists think that the Essenes (a sect referenced by Joseph and Philo in the 1st c。 CE) wrote them。 But the editors point out that the Scrolls reference people having wives (which celibate Essenes did not) and slaves (ditto), and also discussed how to fight wars (something which pacifist Essenes would not have written about)。 So the editors think that the Yahad were not Essenes; perhaps the Scrolls were written by some long-forgotten sect, or perhaps the Yahad evolved into what became Sadducees or Essenes a century later, or perhaps a more mainstream group placed their works in its library。 By and large, the Scrolls are not easy reading。 For me, the least boring parts showed differences between the Scrolls and rabbinic Judaism。 For example, the Scrolls seem more oriented towards dualism of various sorts than rabbinic Judaism。 While rabbinic Judaism rejects the idea of a devil, the Scrolls often reference a demon called "Belial" that seems like it might be a precursor to the Christian idea of Satan。 And some scrolls refer to "the Children of Light" and the "Children of Darkness", implying (if I understand them correctly) that some Jews fit in the second category。 The wide variety of texts in the Scrolls suggests that the authors and/or librarians may have considered texts sacred that are no longer considered sacred by Jews; for example, multiple texts reference the Book of Jubilees, and the Scrolls included numerous bits of the Book of Enoch。 Some Scrolls seem stricter than rabbinic Judaism in some ways; for example, today even orthodox Jews will do anything to save a human life, while the Scrolls suggest that even though clothes may be used to pull a person out of a pit of water, some implements may not be used for this purpose。 The Scrolls also reference holidays that are not celebrated by post-Second Temple Jews, such as a fest of wine and a feast of new oil。 However, it is not clear to me whether anyone actually celebrated these holidays, or whether they were part of the authors' design for a reformed Temple。 。。。more

Marcos

Excellent Research Paper!This book is the scientific research of the Dead Sea Scrolls, instead of the Dead Sea Scrolls, instead! Excellent use of English language vocabulary & grammar, giving a detailed understanding of where the recovered documents were found, when they were found, and additional scientific theories about the scrolls, including theories on who wrote them。 Very understandable, even via text-to-speech! An Excellent Read!

Oliver Taylor

Absolutely loved this! Was given more than I expected。 This book contains the text of the Dead Sea scrolls as well as a detailed explanation of the historical context。 It talks about how different translations were created and how they affected each other。 I will be rereading to study!

The other John

This book is indeed in English。 Complete? Not so much。 What the book contains is translations of all the published Dead Sea Scrolls except the ones that are actual Biblical text。 Oh, and the myriad bits and scraps that contain only a word or two。 Still that leaves 635 pages of material, not counting the Appendix。 Reading it was, well, a varied experience。 Some of it was interesting, some was dreadfully dull。 It would serve as waiting room material in a pinch, but I wouldn't recommend it to anyon This book is indeed in English。 Complete? Not so much。 What the book contains is translations of all the published Dead Sea Scrolls except the ones that are actual Biblical text。 Oh, and the myriad bits and scraps that contain only a word or two。 Still that leaves 635 pages of material, not counting the Appendix。 Reading it was, well, a varied experience。 Some of it was interesting, some was dreadfully dull。 It would serve as waiting room material in a pinch, but I wouldn't recommend it to anyone but a scholar who had need of it as a reference book。 。。。more

Jennifer

Love love love love love love。 Inspiring at a cosmic level。

Erin Khoo

Seems all made up to me。

Rob Vanhoff

Good work。 If you're only going to get one book on the history of the Qumran sect, the scholarly debates, along with English translations to the sectarian texts with introductions to each, get this book。 A bit dated, but still a classic in my eyes。 Good work。 If you're only going to get one book on the history of the Qumran sect, the scholarly debates, along with English translations to the sectarian texts with introductions to each, get this book。 A bit dated, but still a classic in my eyes。 。。。more

E Owen

I've been itching to read this for a long time as it is undeniably one of the most important archaeological finds of the 20th century。 I was unaware that prior to the discovery of the scrolls, no existing Hebrew examples of the Old Testament survived from before the birth of Christ – many thanks to the wandering Bedouin shepherd who came across the caves。 The Holy Land at this time was being pressed by external influences (namely the Greeks and Romans) and fizzing with different Jewish groups su I've been itching to read this for a long time as it is undeniably one of the most important archaeological finds of the 20th century。 I was unaware that prior to the discovery of the scrolls, no existing Hebrew examples of the Old Testament survived from before the birth of Christ – many thanks to the wandering Bedouin shepherd who came across the caves。 The Holy Land at this time was being pressed by external influences (namely the Greeks and Romans) and fizzing with different Jewish groups such the Zealots, Sadducees and Pharisees - the latter two Jesus had a few run-ins with。 The texts provide a fascinating insight into the Essenes, a Jewish sect who lived a strictly regimented and ascetic existence。 The scrolls illuminate their religious practices and outlooks at this time – as well as some of their stricter rules: “Whoever has spoken a foolish word shall do penance for 20 days and will be excluded for 3 months。。。whoever interrupts the words of his companion and lets himself go will do penance for 10 days and whoever lies down and falls asleep at the meeting shall be excluded for 30 days and do penance for 10 days。。。whoever has guffawed foolishly making his voice heard shall be excluded for 30 days and shall do penance for 15 days。。。whoever has drawn out his left hand to gesticulate with it, shall do penance for 10 days”。 I would be doing a lot of penance had I been an Essene。 I really enjoyed the lyricism of the thanksgiving hymns: “Who among thy great and marvellous creatures can stand in the presence of thy glory? How then can he who returns to his dust? For thy glory’s sake alone hast thou made all these things” and even the sternest moralising scrolls have translated well into a poetic English。 Much of the latter half of the book is preoccupied with secondary apocryphal stories of the biblical prophets and scrolls dealing with biblical interpretation and the end of days。 A fleeting reference is made to the “son of God” that is, the Messiah。 To conclude with The Copper Scroll is a tantalising one, as it is a list of where the supposed riches of the Essenes may be located and how to access them: “Between the two tamarisk trees in the Vale of Akhon, in their midst dig three cubits。 There there are two pots full of silver”。 I dare anyone to not feel at least a little bit like Indiana Jones reading that。 All in all, a fascinating read。 。。。more

Danny

My score is, of course, for this edition, rather than the Scrolls themselves, which is a 5 star find。 Vermes was, at one point, a leading DSS scholar。 This edition was updated just before he died, in 2012。 It is simultaneously helpful and frustrating。 It is helpful because it opens with an account of the Scrolls discovery, and a brief analysis of some of the overlapping content。 The translations are mostly well done and readable。However, Vermes was one of the earliest Scrolls scholars, doing ini My score is, of course, for this edition, rather than the Scrolls themselves, which is a 5 star find。 Vermes was, at one point, a leading DSS scholar。 This edition was updated just before he died, in 2012。 It is simultaneously helpful and frustrating。 It is helpful because it opens with an account of the Scrolls discovery, and a brief analysis of some of the overlapping content。 The translations are mostly well done and readable。However, Vermes was one of the earliest Scrolls scholars, doing initial research on them shortly after their discovery, and he maintained, until he died, some traditional views on the Scrolls which have now become extremely outdated with newer analysis。 Vermes was certainly aware of recent work, but he defends older views without giving a proper treatment to newer (and in my view more likely) accounts of important issues。 For example, it was long held that certain compositions, such as the Damascus Document, the Community Rule, and the War Scroll, were sectarian and foundational to the Qumran sect。 However, the relationship between these texts is now in question, and large portions of them are now widely regarded as nationalistic rather than sectarian。 What's more, many aspects of the texts are likely not nearly as "foundational" as once believed。 Vermes maintained the traditional views on this despite recent scholarship。 The translations are also based on a "composite" working of the manuscripts, and such a method flattens out vital aspects of the various manuscripts。 Composite translations can be extremely misleading, but Vermes does not take note of the problems。Overall, having a volume such as this is helpful, but it is in severe need of an update by a scholar more in tune with the changes in Scrolls research over the past 15 years。 。。。more

Pam Baddeley

I read this a few years ago but from notes made at the time: I read the first article type bits of the book and then read a few of the translations and skimmed the rest as it was all the 'rule' of the Qumran order rather than alternate gospels etc which would've been more interesting。As this is an old book published in 1962 I imagine knowledge has grown since then。 I've read since that the scrolls were under tight ownership for a long time, and a full transcription was only issued in 1991。 So th I read this a few years ago but from notes made at the time: I read the first article type bits of the book and then read a few of the translations and skimmed the rest as it was all the 'rule' of the Qumran order rather than alternate gospels etc which would've been more interesting。As this is an old book published in 1962 I imagine knowledge has grown since then。 I've read since that the scrolls were under tight ownership for a long time, and a full transcription was only issued in 1991。 So that would explain why the book omits the more interesting aspects! Also, they were poorly stored at various times so have deteriorated quite a bit which doesn't help matters。 Perhaps it would be worth reading a more recent study at some point。 。。。more

Kath

These were really cool。 The "Prolegomena" (which just means the introduction to the texts) was quite helpful to anyone who wants to read the Scrolls with any understanding of who wrote them, when and why。 It's also a good discussion of scholarly debates about the dating of the scrolls and other controversies regarding their discovery and translation。 The system of numbering the scrolls by cave and columns is also explained, which gives the reader a good insight into the archaeological process of These were really cool。 The "Prolegomena" (which just means the introduction to the texts) was quite helpful to anyone who wants to read the Scrolls with any understanding of who wrote them, when and why。 It's also a good discussion of scholarly debates about the dating of the scrolls and other controversies regarding their discovery and translation。 The system of numbering the scrolls by cave and columns is also explained, which gives the reader a good insight into the archaeological process of discovering such texts。 The texts themselves are sometimes very fragmented, but what's helpful are the authors' introductions to each of the texts。 Each introduction introduces the type and purpose of the text and attempts to situate them in historical context。 There are various types of writings in the entire collection。 Some are commentaries on Torah and the Prophets, some are additional stories (such as the Enoch cycle or the Daniel cycles), some are apocryphal, while others are just instructions for living, for festivals, and some for those who belonged to a particular Jewish sect (mostly thought to be the Essenes, though this is a point for scholarly debate)。 My favorites were the War Scroll and other writings on the last days。 Some of the passages were very cool and could be fodder for a sci-fi or dystopian novel。 Another text I particularly enjoyed were A Commentary on Consoling Passages in Scripture which are similar to very familiar passages from Isaiah。 There is a "Reader's Guide to the Qumran Calendar Texts" which is very helpful and interesting for those who are into mysticism and cosmology。 The stuff about the phases of the moon and its relationship to festivals would be important to anyone studying comparative Middle East religions。 The biggest benefit to me was having a better understanding of the historical context into which Jesus was born and the Gospels and Epistles were written。 If you're into the historical Jesus, I'd say The Dead Sea Scrolls are a must-read。 I'm very excited I have the chance to see them because there are a few of the fragments on display at the Jordan Museum。 。。。more

Ana Rodrigues

It is an intriguing read, however, I feel it is a little upsetting that the translation cleaves to the Christian way of translating scriptures instead of using a more contemporary way to translate, More faithful to the original text and less Old/Middle EnglishyIt is high time we depart from the Christian tyrannical influence over religious texts, translations included。 I was very happy however to see a very early little fragment of the Megillah Esther, which shows that it is not a late invention It is an intriguing read, however, I feel it is a little upsetting that the translation cleaves to the Christian way of translating scriptures instead of using a more contemporary way to translate, More faithful to the original text and less Old/Middle EnglishyIt is high time we depart from the Christian tyrannical influence over religious texts, translations included。 I was very happy however to see a very early little fragment of the Megillah Esther, which shows that it is not a late invention as many like to claim… and for sure the story has a solid basis and is much older than Christians and Anti-Semitic Zealots say it is。 It also shows that the Anti-Semitic theories that Jewish knowledge derives from Greco-Romans and is “ younger” than Christianity is yet another baseless anti-Semitic claim, and even though these scrolls are mostly sectarian, being derived from other Jewish texts proves they are far older than the Heathens like to deride they are ( Whenever I discuss this they claim Jewish liturgy emerged as late as the 5th century C。E and is therefore a derivative of Aristotelian/ Greek Thought… when in fact Greeks did derive their knowledge and philosophical systems from Hebrew/Babylonian Knowledge and Philosophy… once more Archeology places Jewish scholarship back ahead of all other historical currents。 。。。more

Alana Cash

This book is a translation of all the scrolls and I was looking forward to reading it。 The fact that most of the "scrolls" are (900) fragments with a lot of gaps, made it frustrating reading and I did not finish the book。 But my rating is based on the author's choice not to include a subject index, or at least not one that I could find, and this is a book that needs a really good subject index。 It has an index of the manuscripts by number (i。e。 IQ29 page 144) - really? Is the reader to memorize This book is a translation of all the scrolls and I was looking forward to reading it。 The fact that most of the "scrolls" are (900) fragments with a lot of gaps, made it frustrating reading and I did not finish the book。 But my rating is based on the author's choice not to include a subject index, or at least not one that I could find, and this is a book that needs a really good subject index。 It has an index of the manuscripts by number (i。e。 IQ29 page 144) - really? Is the reader to memorize the various tags for the scrolls so they know how to look them up? Then there is a second index - of references to the books in the Bible as they are mentioned in the scrolls。 This has some merit。 But generally these indices imply that this is another "inside" academic book - one that is to appeal to researchers on this subject who would be familiar with the numbering system。But where is the index that would link the scrolls to each other? I was intrigued by the term "watchers," and I would have liked to read all the places that it appears without having to read the entire book looking for them。 One of the biblical patriarchs thought his wife was impregnated by a "watcher。" So it would be interesting to see where else this term appeared in the scrolls and what they are。 Also intriguing is that this book was put together by "Anonymous。" 。。。more

Danielle

Biblical bonus content! Not really any surprises here。 The passage about all the men in the city stoning rebellious #teens to death was pretty choice, though。 I’ll definitely keep that one in the holster for potential future children。

Anthony Dalton

A thorough translation of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Damascus Document, with an historical background, and Vermes interpretation of their context in history。 The essential guide in discerning an understanding of the Scrolls themselves and the community at Qumran over 2000 years ago。

Diana Kullman

I certainly had to change my pre conceived notions about the Dead Sea Scrolls。

Alethea Hammer

Since I was a kid in school I've had a lot of curiosity about non-canonical scriptures。 So I've read as many as I could get my hands on。 These fragmented bits of old books have been a bit of a disappointment compared to others (The Nag Hammadi group, for instance)。 In this book you get translations of the reconstructed scrolls interlaced with a running commentary which, in my opinion focuses too much on the ongoing arguments about exactly who the sectarians of Qumran were and what they believed。 Since I was a kid in school I've had a lot of curiosity about non-canonical scriptures。 So I've read as many as I could get my hands on。 These fragmented bits of old books have been a bit of a disappointment compared to others (The Nag Hammadi group, for instance)。 In this book you get translations of the reconstructed scrolls interlaced with a running commentary which, in my opinion focuses too much on the ongoing arguments about exactly who the sectarians of Qumran were and what they believed。 In attempting to decode their beliefs and therefore identify them the authors have handicapped themselves unnecessarily with what I felt was a too credulous dependence on what the Book of Acts and the historian Josephus had said about the competing sects of Judiasm in the 1st century。 They both wrote simplistic generalizations which probably didn't relate much to how the sectarians themselves felt about their own beliefs and each other。 Still, if you are very curious about what's in these old books, this probably isn't the worst book to read。 。。。more

Tom Menke

saw them first hand

Frank Peters

This was a very interesting book, and I am very happy to have read it。 The edition I read (Folio Society) was also beautiful。 The volume is an introduction and description of the Essenes, the people responsible for the dead sea scrolls, and provides a description of the scrolls themselves。 Both aspects were tremendously interesting。 For those who may be interested in reading the book, I would have the following warnings: First, the editor operates from a naturalistic/atheistic worldview; that is This was a very interesting book, and I am very happy to have read it。 The edition I read (Folio Society) was also beautiful。 The volume is an introduction and description of the Essenes, the people responsible for the dead sea scrolls, and provides a description of the scrolls themselves。 Both aspects were tremendously interesting。 For those who may be interested in reading the book, I would have the following warnings: First, the editor operates from a naturalistic/atheistic worldview; that is, he implicitly denies anything supernatural, such as prophecy。 Thus, Daniel is assumed to be contemporary with the dead sea community, etc。 The book only refers in passing to the many biblical books found in the dead sea scrolls, and highlights other writings that would be less familiar。 What was disappointing to me is that that some non-biblical books (e。g。 book of Enoch) that were found in the scrolls were only included in part, while other writing that I didn’t care about (e。g。 the Temple Scroll, which was a repeat of the book of Leviticus) was included。 。。。more

Melissa Yael Winston

A bit dry and took some discipline to get through。 I enjoyed the commentaries most of all。

Matt Kelland

Well, this took me a long time to get through! It's a much more comprehensive edition than the 1950s John Allegro version I read years ago, and it's filled with detailed notes about the Essenes and the scrolls themselves。 I wasn't much interested in the hymns or even the Biblical variants。 My interest was much more in the scrolls detailing their way of life, covering everything from the type of sacrifices to be performed and purification rituals to their relationships with outsiders and their vi Well, this took me a long time to get through! It's a much more comprehensive edition than the 1950s John Allegro version I read years ago, and it's filled with detailed notes about the Essenes and the scrolls themselves。 I wasn't much interested in the hymns or even the Biblical variants。 My interest was much more in the scrolls detailing their way of life, covering everything from the type of sacrifices to be performed and purification rituals to their relationships with outsiders and their vision of a religious war。I have to admit, I found the Essenes themselves pretty repulsive。 They seem to have been total religious bigots, and their view of a goodly life certainly doesn't square with mine。 However, it was interesting to think that this was the world in which Jesus was flourishing: his message of brotherhood and caring was very different to that of other religious sects of the time。 。。。more

Roberta Wall

disappointing

Fred Kohn

Well, the DSS are more fun to read about than they are to read。 I really appreciated Vermes's commentary and notes that helped me navigate these often very difficult to understand texts。 Well, the DSS are more fun to read about than they are to read。 I really appreciated Vermes's commentary and notes that helped me navigate these often very difficult to understand texts。 。。。more

Raffi Partamian

totally enjoyed a voluminous and well researched book。 my interests range in archeology ancient manuscripts religion and philosophy

Walter

The Dead Sea Scrolls: The Jewish religion of ChristThe Dead Sea Scrolls? What can I say about them? In many parts, they are the words of YHWH as expressed by man。 In many parts they are the Torah。 So as a believer of God, I must reserve a certain awe, a certain respect。 In the words of the translator of the Dead Sea Scrolls。 An unbeliever will not understand this nor will they appreciate these scrolls。O my God, hast sealed them all and there is none to open (them) … Does one measure by the hollo The Dead Sea Scrolls: The Jewish religion of ChristThe Dead Sea Scrolls? What can I say about them? In many parts, they are the words of YHWH as expressed by man。 In many parts they are the Torah。 So as a believer of God, I must reserve a certain awe, a certain respect。 In the words of the translator of the Dead Sea Scrolls。 An unbeliever will not understand this nor will they appreciate these scrolls。O my God, hast sealed them all and there is none to open (them) … Does one measure by the hollow of a human hand the waters of the great (ocean)? Are [the heavens estimated by the span (of fingers)? In one third (of a measure)] can any contain the dust of the earth, and weigh the mountains in a balance, or the hills in scal[es]? Man did not make these。 How can he measure the spirit of [God]? (Fragment 30 of the 511th scroll of the 4th Cave 4Q511 Fr 30)What we have are the religious library of the Essene Jews occupying a religious or scholarly city of Qumran。 These works were hidden in at least 11 caves in the vicinity of Qumran。 So there are original copies of the Bible as known by the Jews in all of the three centuries before Christ, commentaries, peshers (interpretations there of,) and apochrophial works。 These have been translated from Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek into English。 Ostensibly, they were hidden to avoid there destruction by the Kittims: the Romans。 There is a close relationship of Qumran to the Zealots of Masada。 This is not easy reading, no more easier than the Bible today。 Much of the works are fragmentary as the scrolls have deteriorated with age and subsequent treatments。 And yet the devotions of the Jews at the time of Christ has become vivid。 But, if you are interested in what Jewry was like during the times of Jesus (Jesus was a Jew,) then there is no better place to study than these scrolls! What you should gain arethe importance of the Covenants!the importance of the distinction between clean and uncleanthe importance and rituals of sacrificethe order and rankings of the populace with respect to the religionthe interpretations of the Torah (the first five books of the Bible)the respect for the prophetsMuch of this, perhaps by the translations, is still hidden even from a scholarly reader。 But one has a new perspective of the times of Christ from these scrolls。 。。。more

Roger Green

What can I say? They're the most important archaeological find of the 20th century and more are being published (and faked) constantly。 What can I say? They're the most important archaeological find of the 20th century and more are being published (and faked) constantly。 。。。more